NITI Aayog Viksit Bharat 2047 & Net Zero Report: Key Highlights & PDF

NITI Aayog Viksit Bharat and Net Zero 2070 Report: Core Policy Framework

The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) has released the definitive study report outlining the macroeconomic and energy transition pathways required to achieve a USD 30 trillion developed economy by 2047, alongside Net Zero emissions by 2070. This multi-ministerial roadmap establishes the baseline for all future government infrastructure planning, industrial policy, and climate financing.

This analysis is based on the official Vol. 1 overview report drafted under the guidance of ten Inter-Ministerial Working Groups. For policy analysts and competitive examination candidates, the report definitively shifts the government’s stance from viewing climate action as a mere co-benefit to an integral, investment-driven pillar of India’s structural economic transformation.

What is the dual ambition outlined in the NITI Aayog report?

The dual ambition involves scaling the national GDP nearly eightfold within a single generation to achieve Viksit Bharat status by 2047, while simultaneously redirecting the entire energy system toward a low-carbon pathway to hit Net Zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070. This requires an unprecedented decoupling of economic growth from fossil fuel consumption.

Macroeconomic Blueprint: The USD 22.7 Trillion Financial Requirement

The transition demands massive capital mobilisation. The study estimates a cumulative investment requirement of USD 22.7 trillion by 2070 under the Net Zero Scenario. The power sector alone accounts for over half of this total need due to the capital-intensive nature of deploying renewable generation, grid scale storage, and nuclear energy.

How will the government mobilise funds for the Net Zero transition?

To address the projected USD 6.53 trillion financing gap, the report proposes the creation of a purpose-built National Green Finance Institution (NGFI). This apex body will crowd in private capital, offer guarantees, and provide blended finance for early-stage technologies like Green Hydrogen and Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS).

Energy Transition Pathway: 6000 GW Renewables and 300 GW Nuclear

India’s primary energy mix will undergo a radical structural shift. While fossil fuels currently supply around 87 percent of total primary energy, the Net Zero Scenario projects their share plummeting to just 14 percent by 2070. The remaining fossil capacity will strictly leverage carbon capture solutions to mitigate residual emissions.

What is the projected change in India’s energy intensity?

Despite the economy expanding elevenfold, total final energy demand will only increase moderately due to a massive drop in energy intensity. The energy intensity to GDP will fall from 0.22 MJ/INR in 2025 to just 0.04 MJ/INR by 2070, aligning India with the efficiency standards of highly developed nations.

Proposed Institutional Reforms and Administrative Actions

To execute this whole-of-economy transition, NITI Aayog recommends reinforcing the Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change (PMCCC) by establishing a permanent Low-Carbon Development Cell or Secretariat. This executive body will ensure that line ministries and state governments align their five-year budgets with the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) cycles.

How will the government track transition progress?

The report mandates the creation of a coherent national energy data architecture. This includes bridging statistics gaps via the MoSPI Expert Committee, setting up state-level energy cells for Biennial Transparency Report (BTR) compliance, and utilizing the Unified Energy Interface (UEI) as the digital backbone for seamless interoperability across the energy sector.

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